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Lower Vindhyan Gr

Lower Vindhyan Gr

Period: 
Statherian, Calymmian

Age Interval: 
Statherian and maybe earliest Calymmian


Province: 
Proterozoic N.India Vindhyan Basin west, Proterozoic N.India Vindhyan Basin east

Type Locality and Naming

In WEST -- Upward succession of Satola Fm, Sands Fm, Lawarwan Fm and Khorip Fm (although nomenclature varies among publications).

In EAST – Upward succession of Deoland Fm conglomerate, Kajrahat Fm, Porcellanite Fm volcanic ash, Kheinjua Fm and Rohtas Fm (although nomenclature varies among publications, and whether some should be elevated to sub-group status).

Synonym: Semri Gr.


Lithology and Thickness

Repetitive sandstone-shale-carbonate sequences with the presence of volcaniclastic units.


Lithology Pattern: 
Clayey sandstone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Underlain by basement

Upper contact

Major unconformity. Overlain by Kaimur Fm (in West by Chittaur Fort Sandstone member; in East by Lower Quartzite member

Regional extent


GeoJSON

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Fossils


Age 

Available radioisotopic dates suggest a span from ca. 1750 Ma to 1600 or perhaps 1580 Ma for the EAST suite:EAST: Semi-arbitrarily distributed by available dates and relative thicknesses for graphic purposes as Deoland Fm (1750-1700), Kajrahat Fm (1700-1640), Porcellanite Fm (1640-1625 Ma which has a direct zircon date of 1628 +/- 8 Ma in the middle), Kheinjua Fm (1625-1600), Rohtas Fm (1600-1580).WEST (no direct radioisotopic dating; so used semi-even intervals partly using relative thicknesses: Satola Fm (1750-1700), Sands Fm (1700-1660), Lawarwan Fm (1660-1610) and Khorip Fm (1610-1580).

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Statherian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.25

    Beginning date (Ma): 
1,750.00

    Ending stage: 
Calymmian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.1

    Ending date (Ma):  
1,580.00

Depositional setting

Shallow water to deeper below-storm-wave base depths.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Main sources: S. Sarkar and S. Banerjee (2020), A Synthesis of Depositional Sequence of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup in Son Valley, Springer Geology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9551-3_2

Basu, P., and Chakrabarti, R. 2020. Origin and evolution of the Vindhyan Basin: A geochemical perspective. Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., 86: 111-126.

Kumar, S., 2012. Stratigraphy and correlation of the Neoproterozoic deposits of central and western India: an overview. In Bhat, G. M., Craig, J., Thurow, J. W., Thusu, B.&Cozzi, A. (eds) 2012. Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential of Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Basins in Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 366, 75–90.